7^th International Conference on Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology September 14-15, 2016 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Biography:

Hikmet Jamil has received his Medical degree from Baghdad University, MSc from London University and his PhD from Manchester University. He specializes in Occupational and Environmental Medicine. He has joined Michigan State University in 2015 after he left Wayne State University as an “Emeritus Professor”. He has published 20 books and 191 field research articles. He has served as an international Visiting Lecturer and is one of the Founders of International Society of Iraqi Scientists and was elected in 2002 as its President until 2015. He has received several awards from academic institutions, non-profit organizations, the WHO and Governmental agencies.

Abstract:

Abstract

Background: More than 300 million people around the word have reported asthma, and of those, 17 million lived in the USA and of those, 12 million were adults. However, the prevalence of asthma varied between countries, ethnicity, place of residents and even between refugees and immigrants.

Objective: The study examined the relationship between environmental air pollution and its impact on lung function, tested among a vulnerable group of adult Arab Americans with diagnosed asthma by their primary health care physics.

Methods: 76 asthmatic adults Arab American from greater Detroit area were studied (mean age 64.5±7.43 years; mean years in USA 24±4.45; 48 female) during the summer and winter of 2013-2014 for self-reported respiratory symptoms and lung function tests, with no loss of participants.

Results: In the last 3 moth, 35.5% of participants reported poor air quality; 84.25% was concerned about annoying odors; 85.3% was concerned about black particles/dust falling from the sky; 84.2% reported poor visibility in the community; 85..5% were concerned about the effect on health from air pollution (the participants related all the above to air pollution). Participant’s perceived major triggers of asthma as follow: 94.1% exercise, 93.4% sudden weather changes especially cold weather, 89.5% air pollution, 86.8% dust or smoke from cigarettes, 65.8% wood smoke fireplace/stove. The overall asthma was higher in the winter. However 34.7% of the participants in summer were hospitalized for asthma compared to 22.7% in winter. The mean number of upland doctor visits for asthma decline from 1.41 (SD 1.49) in winter to 1.27 (1.49; p=n.s.). There were no statistical significant between summer and winter in FEV₁ (L) it was in FEV₁/FVC and the ratio between FEV₁/FVC decreased from a mean of 0.83 (SD 0.12) in the summer to 0.78 (0.15, p<0.001) in the winter.

Conclusion: The follow up of the asthmatic Arab American study showed clearly that air pollution had an impact on asthma among vulnerable population who are current residents in a heavily polluted area of Detroit. We recommend primary healthcare physicians to advise their asthmatic patients to increase their attention to their respiratory health from the effect of the external and internal (home) environmental exposures and also from some cultural habits, e.g., water-pipe smoking, which will be critical for effective public health measures.

 

Biography:

Rudi W Hendriks is the Head of the Experimental Research Laboratory of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of the Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Netherlands. His main line of research is the differentiation program of lymphocytes in health and disease, in particular the regulation of differentiation and function of T helper subsets and group-2 innate lymphoid cells in the context of type-II immunity and the role of aberrant B and T cell activation in autoimmunity and interstitial lung disease.

Abstract:

Abstract

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways mediated by an adaptive type-2 immune response. In house dust mite (HDM)-driven allergic airway inflammation both T helper-2 (Th2) cells and group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are major producers of IL-5 and IL-13. We found that in HDM-challenged mice the induction of ILC2 required prior sensitization with HDM. ILC2 induction was dependent on T-cells, whereby activation of ILC2 and Th2 cells was concomitant. In this HDM-driven allergic asthma model, ILC2 are therefore not an early source of Th2 cytokines but rather contribute to type-2 inflammation in which Th2 cells play a key role. Next, we used GATA3-YFP knock-in mice for direct in situ visualization of GATA3⁺ Th2 cells and ILC2s. Confocal microscopy revealed that Th2 cells and ILC2 occupied distinct locations in lungs from mice with HDM-driven allergic airway inflammation: ILC2s were scattered underneath the mucosa and Th2 cells were present within clusters of lymphocytes. We produced epigenetic maps of FACS-sorted GATA3⁺ Th2 cells and ILC2s isolated from mediastinal lymph nodes and broncho-alveolar lavage of GATA3-YFP mice with an allergic airway inflammation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep-sequencing (Chip-Seq) experiments revealed a remarkably similar genome-wide histone-3 lysine-4 dimethylation (H3K4Me2) active chromatin signature in in vivo activated Th2 cells and ILC2s. However, particular loci showed significant differences between the two cell types, including loci associated with allergic inflammation, ILC2 plasticity and metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, these findings indicate novel biological roles for ILC2s in asthma distinct from Th2 cells.

Biography:

Elisa Maina was graduated in Veterinary Medicine in 2008. She has then completed a course of Dermatology of the European School of Advanced Veterinary Studies, Austria. After an Externship of Dermatology at the University of Florida she started three years Residency Program in Dermatology in Italy and became European Diplomate in Veterinary Dermatology (Dip ECVD) (European Diploma of Specialist in Veterinary Dermatology) in 2015. She is currently enrolled as PhD Student in the lab of Veterinary Immunology, Gent University, Belgium, where she studies food allergy in dogs. She has published papers in reputed journals and presented in national and international meetings.

Abstract:

The prevalence of adverse food reactions (AFR) in dogs is increasing; it is therefore important to explore novel causal pathways. Results of studies in human and mice have shown that increasing n-6 PUFA-rich oils in the diet enhances the risk to develop allergic diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of AFR with vegetable oils n-6 PUFA-rich intake in dogs, with food preparations (homemade versus commercial diet or both) and with regular use of treats. Data on dietary intake of 204 privately owned dogs with skin disease were obtained from a food survey. The use of oil was recorded in 24 of 204 (11.8%) dogs included in the study, in 4 on 19 dogs with FA (21%), 2 on 10 (20%) with FA and DA, 5 on 35 (14.3%) with DA and 13 on 134 with other conditions (9.7%). The frequency of the oil consumption was significantly higher in dogs with AFR than in dogs with other diagnoses (P<0.05). Sixty-two of 204 dogs (30.1%) were fed homemade diet, 96 (47.1%) commercial diet and 46 (22.6%) both of them. No statistical difference was found between dogs that developed AFR and the others. Fourty-six dogs of 204 (25.6%) received regularly treats. The frequency of dogs with treats was significantly higher in dogs with AFR (37.9%) than in other diseases (20%; p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary vegetable oils rich in n-6 PUFA and the regular administration of treats may enhance the susceptibility to AFR in dogs.

Biography:

Dr. Kunimoto had graduated from Wakayama Medical College at 1987 and completed his Ph.D. study at 1994. He is an Otolaryngologist. He had presented many study about upper respiratory diseases, focal infection on tonsil, cancer related Epstein-Barr virus and immune response analysis using molecular biological technique at that time. Recently, he has had an office in Hiroshima city since 2004, and now former chairperson of Asa Otolaryngology and member of management committee of Hiroshima Otolaryngology. Additionally, he had also belonged to Hiroshima University since 2004.

Abstract:

In 2014, an update to a meta-analysis of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) 　effects on acute otitis media (AOM) was reported in the Cochrane collection and one of major conclusion was that the PCV7 had modest beneficial effects in terms of changes in AOM episodes and total number of visits to medical institutions by children. We have same results in Japanese children using the Japan Medical Data Center Claims Database. The Japanese guidelines for AOM in children recommend classifying AOM by age, manifestations and local findings. Myringotomy is recommended for moderate-grade cases with severe local findings, severe-grade cases, and treatment-resistant cases. We have previously conducted a retrospective multicenter study in the Asa Area of Hiroshima City, Japan to investigate changes in the number of myringotomies performed to treat AOM after public funded inoculation. The myringotomy rate per child-year in <5-year-old children decreased by 29.1% in 2011 and by 25.2% in 2012 compared to the mean rate performed in the 3 years prior to the introduction of public funding in the multicenter study. Our results suggest the public benefit of PCV7 in reducing the AOM morbidity with less financial burden of myringotomy. In addition, this vaccine may help prevent AOM from aggravation with severe clinical manifestations. We will present the next data about this hypothesis.

Biography:

Rawan Khalid Al Mesned is currently a Medical Student from King Saud University, College of Medicine in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:

Background & Aim: The prevalence of food allergy is increasing all over the world and varies in different geographical locations. This study was performed to assess allergic sensitization against various food materials among Saudi patients clinically presenting with food allergy.rnrnPatients & Methods: Data for the presence of food specific IgE antibodies were collected retrospectively from 280 Saudi patients screened between October 2012 and February 2014. These patients presented in the allergy clinic at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh with clinical signs and symptoms of food allergy. Out of the total 92 patients were found to have food specific circulating antibodies. This group of patients comprised of 67 (72.8%) males and 25 (27.2%) females with 78 (84.8%) children of <12 years and 14 (15.2%) adults (mean age 9.04±7.71 years). Food specific IgE antibodies were quantified by Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using Pharmacia ImmunoCAP 250 analyzer.rnrnResults: The most frequently sensitizing food allergens were milk in 57 (61.96%) patients followed by, egg white in 55 (59.78%) patients, wheat in 42 (45.65%) patients and peanut in 35 (38.04%) patients. Male children were consistently more sensitized against egg white (47.4% vs. 15.3; p≤0.0002), egg yolk (33.3 vs. 7.6; p≤0.0002), milk (47.4 vs. 22.1; p≤0.001), wheat (37.5 vs. 12.4; p≤0.0006) and peanut (37.5% vs. 11%; p≤0.0007) compared to females. Milk sensitization was high among children whereas sensitization due to egg white was high in adults.rnrnConclusion: Patients were frequently sensitized against milk, egg white, wheat and peanut particularly the male children.rn

Biography:

He is currently working in The Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Head&Neck Surgery,rnWest China Hospital,West China Medical School,Sichuan University,Sichuan,China.rn

Abstract:

Background: Different delivery modes may affect the susceptibility to allergic diseases. It is still unknown whether early intervention with probiotics would counteract this effect.rnrnObjectives: The effect of different delivery modes on immune status and nasal symptoms was investigated on established allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model. In addition, the immunoregulatory effects and mechanisms of different feeding manners with Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) were examined.rnrnMethods: Live lyophilized B. breve was orally administered to BALB/c mice born via vaginal delivery (VD) or cesarean delivery (CD) for 8 consecutive weeks, after which they were sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) to establish experimental AR. Nasal symptoms, serum immunoglobulins, cytokines, splenic percentages of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and nasal eosinophil infiltration were evaluated.rnrnResults: Compared with VD mice, mice delivered via CD demonstrated more serious nasal symptoms, higher concentrations of OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, more nasal eosinophils and lower percentages of splenic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells after establishing experimental AR. These parameters were reversed by administering B. breve shortly after birth. However, the effect of B. breve did not differ between different delivery modes.rnrnConclusion: CD aggravates the nasal symptoms of AR mice compared to VD. This is the first report that oral administration of B. breve shortly after birth can significantly alleviate the symptoms of AR mice born via both deliveries, probably via activation of the regulatory capacity of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells.rn